After examining the two proposals that have been presented on the DNSO.org
website, we felt that rather than submit disjointed commentary, that we
would instead submit a full proposal as our vision of a better set of
by-laws.  This set of by-laws is the result of open commentary on several
mailing lists, and is the work of many individuals who took the time to read
and make suggestions for change.

This document is far from perfect, and is still subject to change by open
process.  It is hoped that the DNSO.org group reviews it carefully, and
incorporates it into the discussions.

January 5, 1999
 
PROPOSAL FOR
DOMAIN NAME SUPPORTING ORGANIZATION
Under Article VI, Section 3(b) of the By-Laws of the Internet Corporation
for Assigned Name sand Numbers ("ICANN"), an application for recognition as
a Supporting Organization shall include, but not be limited to, a
description of the following:
 

i.      membership or participation criteria,
ii.     methods for developing substantive Internet policies to be
recommended to the Board and selecting Board nominees,
iii.    open, transparent, fair and non-discriminatory cooperation and
consensus-building processes (including procedures for public attendance at
appropriate meetings of the Supporting Organization and for the
participation of interested persons who may not be members of the Supporting
Organization in advisory committees of the Supporting Organization),
iv.     policies to ensure international and diverse participation,
v.      policies for disclosure to the Corporation by members of or
participants in a Supporting Organization council of conflicts of interest
or other financial interests in matters within the scope of the Supporting
Organization (such conflicts or interests, however, not necessarily
requiring abstention from action), and
vi.     methods for funding the Supporting Organization and providing
funding for the Corporation (consistent with Article IV, Section 2 of these
By-Laws).

ARTICLE I NAME
The name of this organization shall be "The Domain Name Supporting
Organization."

ARTICLE II OBJECTIVES
The DNSO Objectives shall be:

To coordinate the root zone by
        Generation of a coherent DNS root zone
        Encouraging TLD disputants to resolve their differences
        Overseeing operation of the root servers

The goal of the DNSO is to fulfill these purposes using the following
governing principles:

Fairness:       The DNSO will strive to treat all parties fairly.
Diversity:      The DNSO will foster and respect diversity of opinions.
Consensus:      The DNSO will work towards rough consensus on all issues.
Stability:      The DNSO will maintain stability in the DNS root zone.
Coherence:      The DNSO will strive to create and maintain coherence across
the entire DNS root                     zone
Openness:       The DNSO will conduct all of its business in an open manner.

Security:       The DNSO will foster security in the DNS root zone.
 
ARTICLE III MEMBERSHIP

1.      Classes

The Domain Name Supporting Organization ("DNSO") shall be composed of any
individual, firm, association, corporation or other entity who is the holder
of a second level domain (SLD) in any top level domain (TLD) (Hereinafter
"Domain Name Holder.")
 
2. Method of Election
Any Domain Name Holder shall become a member of the DNSO upon submission of
an informational membership form and payment of the membership dues.

3. Methods for funding the DNSO

The DNSO shall obtain funding from membership dues levied on its members.
The total annual dues of all members shall be determined by the Names
Council but shall in no case be greater than $50.00 US per year.  New
members' dues liability shall commence on the first of the month next
following receipt of its application for membership, and its dues shall be
pro-rated from that date to the end of the calendar year. No member shall
have the right to vote until it has paid its dues in full. The annual dues
of all members for each calendar year shall be due and payable before the
second of February of that year. Notice to this effect shall be sent via
electronic mail to the electronic mail address on record, to each member
whose dues remain unpaid at the end of thirty days thereafter.

Any member whose annual dues remain unpaid 30 days after February 2 shall be
deemed to be delinquent and the rights of such members as members shall
cease forthwith. Written notice to that effect shall be sent promptly to
such member, and any member whose dues remain unpaid on March 1 shall be
dropped automatically from membership and promptly notified thereof. Members
who have been so dropped may re-apply for membership on payment of any
delinquency, and such application will be handled in accordance with Section
2 of this Article.

4. Resignations
Any member may resign its membership at any time by giving written notice
thereof to the Names Council, accompanied by payment of any outstanding
indebtedness to the DNSO. Said resignation shall take effect as of its date
unless some other date is specified therein. The acceptance of such
resignation will not be necessary to make it effective. No dues previously
paid by such resigning member shall be refunded by the DNSO unless such dues
were not due and payable until after the resignation was received by the
DNSO.

ARTICLE IV NAMES COUNCIL
The Names Council is delegated the task of effecting cooperation and
consensus on policies regarding TLDs, including operation, assignment and
management of the domain name system and other related subjects, and, in
accordance with Article VI, Section 3(a)(ii) of the Corporation's Bylaws,
the Names Council shall make recommendations on such subjects to the Board
of ICANN.

The Names Council shall seek input and review of its recommendations and
Board nominations from all Members.
.
The DNSO, the Names Council and the Membership will establish on-line
methods of meeting, cooperating, and guaging and effecting consensus and
conducting ballots.  However, until some confidence is gained in these
on-line methods, the Names Council may choose to utilize more traditional
methods of voting.

The processes of the Names Council shall be governed by open and transparent
non-discriminatory processes.  A general mechanism for review of conflicts
and grievances will be developed, and the Names Council shall appoint a Fair
Hearing Panel which will, among other responsibilities delegated to it by
the Names Council, hear appeals pursuant to Article 6. of this application.
 
 

1. Initial Names Council
The initial Names Council shall consist of five members, elected by the
Membership.  The members of the initial Names Council shall elect a
Chairperson from among their ranks. Members of the initial Names Council
shall serve a one year term or until the first Annual Meeting of the DNSO,
whichever occurs first, unless such term is extended for an additional
period. Members of the initial Names Council shall not be eligible for
additional service on the Names Council at the end of the member's term on
the initial Names Council.  In no case shall any extension go beyond the
second annual meeting of the DNSO.

a.      Powers and Responsibilities

The powers and responsibilities of the initial Names Council shall be
limited to establishing the DNSO and ratifying its By-laws, making it
financially solvent, effecting arrangements for a secretariat, appointing
three members to the initial Board of ICANN, and responding to requests for
advice and comment from the Board of ICANN.

(i) Members of the Initial Names Council of the DNSO shall not be qualified
to serve as a DNSO representative for the initial ICANN Board for a period
including their time on the Initial Names Council and for one year
thereafter.

(ii) Members of the Names Council shall serve without compensation,
provided, however, that members of the Names Council may be reimbursed by
the DNSO for out of pocket expenses incurred in connection with their
function if the expense is objectively necessary, and if the member seeking
reimbursement can document the expense.  Such reimbursements shall be
brought up as an agenda item at the appropriate names council meeting, and
documented along with the minutes of that meeting for review by the
membership.
 

1.      Eligibility and Powers of Council Members After the Initial Council

The control and management of the DNSO shall be vested in the Names Council
consisting of a Chairperson and eleven (11) council members, each of whom
shall have one vote.  The Names Council shall be elected by the Membership.

(b) Election
Names Council members shall be elected only at an Annual meeting of the
DNSO. At least 120 days  prior to said Annual meeting, the Names Council
shall set a 30 day period in which DNSO members may be nominated for
membership to the Names Council, and shall give all DNSO members 30 days
notice of such nomination period. No DNSO member may nominate more than one
Names Council member nominee. All nominations must be submitted to the Names
Council with a statement clearly and concisely documenting the DNSO member's
(a) involvement with respect to the objectives of the DNSO, and (b)
legitimate interests in these objectives. Nominations which are not timely
submitted shall not be considered by the Names Council. Upon the close of
the nomination period, the Names Council shall notify all DNSO members of
the nominees. Those receiving the majority of the votes therefor shall be
elected.

(c) Term
The term of membership on the Names Council shall be two years.

(d) Meetings
The members of the Names Council shall be required to meet at least four (4)
times per year. The time and place of this meeting shall be selected by the
Chairperson of the Names Council. The place of each meeting shall change to
accommodate the international composition of the Names Council. Special or
emergency meetings may be held at such times and places (1) as the Names
Council may decide, (2) at the call of the Chairperson, or (3) on the
written requests of the majority of the member of the Names Council.

At least one yearly meeting must be physical, while the other three may be
held by teleconference, providing that a quorum must be met. Teleconference
Meetings must be announced at least 30 days in advance, while physical
meetings must be announced at least 90 days in advance.

All meetings are "on the record" and minutes will be published within 15
days.

(e) Vacancies
In the event of a Names Council member's death, resignation, ineligibility
or inability to perform the duties of a member of the Names Council, a
majority of the Names Council then in office shall have the power to
designate a successor to serve for the remainder of the term of such Names
Council member.

(f) Quorum
A majority of the entire Names Council shall constitute a quorum for the
purpose of any meetings of the Names Council.

(g) Selection of DNSO Representatives for the ICANN Board
Pursuant to Article V, Section 4 of the ICANN By-laws, the DNSO is accorded
three (3) seats on the ICANN Board. Selection of the DNSO representatives
for the ICANN Board shall rest with the Membership.  The Names Council shall
ensure the fairness of any general election by the Membership of the three
seats allocated to the DNSO. [NOTE:  There is no consensus that the SOs
should nominate board members at all...]

(h) Removal of DNSO Representatives for the ICANN Board
If, in the opinion of the Names Council, a member of the ICANN Board elected
by the DNSO is no longer capable of fulfilling his or her responsibilities,
or is no longer operating in the best interest of the DNSO, the Names
Council may, by 2/3 vote, call a Special Referendum of the Membership asking
for removal of that Board member.  If 2/3 of the Membership then votes for
removal, the Board Member will then be removed.

In the event of removal of one or more DNSO elected members of the ICANN
Board, the Names Council will appoint one or more Members (who is/are not
also currently serving on the Names Council)  as a temporary measure.  A 2/3
vote of the Names Council shall be necessary for such appointment.  The
Names Council will then immediately seek nominations from the Membership for
a replacement to serve out the remainder of the removed Board member's term.
No Board member who has been removed will be eligible for nomination.  A
Special Election of the Membership shall be held as soon as practicable from
the nominees submitted to the Names Council.
 

ARTICLE V OFFICERS, COUNSEL AND EMPLOYEES

1.      Election and Duties

The officers of the DNSO shall be a President, who shall also be Chairperson
of the Names Council, an Executive Vice President, not more than 3 other
Vice Presidents, a Secretary and a Treasurer, each of whom shall be elected
from DNSO members at the Annual meeting by a majority vote to serve until
the next Annual meeting or until a successor shall have assumed the duties
of the office. No one shall be eligible to serve successive terms as
President. The Names Council may likewise elect such other officers as it
may from time to time deem advisable, and they shall perform such duties as
the Names Council may prescribe.

2. President
The President shall preside at all meetings of the DNSO, and shall be the
executive head of the DNSO, directly responsible to the Board of ICANN for
the conduct of all DNSO operations and activities. The President shall have
the authority to delegate to Name Council members or Committee Chairpersons
such duties as seem appropriate for the administration thereof under the
President's general supervision. The President shall submit at each Annual
Meeting of the DNSO a report of the activities of the DNSO during the
proceeding year.

3. Vice President
In the event of the absence or inability of the President to perform the
duties of the office, the Executive Vice President shall, except in the
event of absence or inability to serve, become Acting President and exercise
the authority and perform the duties of the office. In the event of the
absence or inability of both the President and the Executive Vice President
to perform the duties of the office of President, the Vice President who has
seniority shall become Acting President and exercise the authority  and
perform the duties of the office.
If no Vice President has seniority, the Names Council shall designate a Vice
President as Acting President who shall exercise the authority and perform
the duties of the office.
If the President is absent or is unable to preside at a meeting of the DNSO,
such meeting shall be presided over by the Executive Vice President, if
present and able to act, otherwise by the Vice President having seniority
who is present and able to act.

As used in this Section the term "seniority" means the greatest number of
years of service as a member of the DNSO and the term "unable" and
"inability" comprise death, physical disability, mental disability,
resignation and removal from office.

4. Secretary
The Secretary shall be responsible for the minutes of all meetings of the
DNSO, and shall be the custodian of the seal and records of the DNSO. The
Secretary shall perform such other duties as may be delegated by the Names
Council.

5. Treasurer
The Treasurer shall have the custody of all monies and securities of the
DNSO and shall place same in appropriate financial vehicles and repositories
in accordance with guidelines established, at least on an annual basis, by
the Names Council. The Treasurer shall keep proper books of account and sign
checks and give such surety bonds as the Names Council may require. The
Treasurer shall make reports on the financial condition of the DNSO at each
Annual Meeting of the DNSO and, whenever called upon to do so, at other
meetings of the DNSO and the ICANN Board. The Treasurer shall also perform
such other duties as may delegated by the Names Council. All duties
performed by the Treasurer shall be subject to the supervision and direction
of the Names Council. All financial and other records in the custody of the
Treasurer shall be open to the Names Council and the ICANN Board at all
times for inspection or audit. On ceasing to hold office, the Treasurer
shall surrender all records, files, books of account, monies, securities and
other property of the DNSO to a successor or to such other person as shall
be designated by the Names Council..

6.      Counsel
Unless otherwise directed by the ICANN Board, the Names Council shall retain
a Counsel to serve as legal adviser to the Names Council.  This legal
counsel may be replaced at any time by a majority vote of the Names Council.
Counsel shall give such legal opinions as may be requested by the President
or the Names Council.

7.       Succession
In the event of the death, resignation, removal from office or inability of
any Officer, other than the President, to perform the duties of the office,
the Names Council shall elect a successor to serve until the next Annual
Meeting of the DNSO or until a successor shall have been elected and shall
have assumed the duties of the office.

8. Compensation
The Names Council shall call for a vote of the Membership to determine
whether Officers of the DNSO shall receive salary beyond reasonable
reimbursement of expenses.

9.      Executive Director
The DNSO may employ a full-time [or part-time] executive with the title
Executive Director who may be the chief staff executive and who may be
responsible to the President and to the Names Council. The employment or
discharge of an Executive Director may be by the Names Council.

The Executive Director may participate in the recommendation, formulation
and implementation of policies and programs for the DNSO; may be responsible
for the development and implementation of administrative plans and
procedures, for the administrative operation of the office and the
supervision of all staff personnel; and may, in conjunction with the Names
Council, develop and implement a budget for the DNSO.

The Executive Director shall not have a vote on the Names Council.

10.     Employees
The Executive Director may, with the advice and consent of the Names
Council, hire additional employees on an as needed basis.

ARTICLE VI COMMITTEES
Given the importance of having a global consensus on the policies and
procedures developed by DNSO, as well as expertise relating to the
objectives of the DNSO, the Names Council may create committees for such
terms and with such powers and duties, as it shall deem appropriate. The
nomination of members to each committee and their election by the Names
Council shall be conducted in the same manner as members of the Names
Council are nominated under Article IV. Each committee shall consist of the
best possible experts in the given area, and thus shall not be class
specific. Once formed, each committee shall nominate and vote for a
Chairperson from within the committee. The nominee with the most votes shall
be elected Chairperson for a term of one year. A Chairperson shall be
eligible for re-election for another one-year term, but shall not again be
eligible for election as Chairperson for a period of one year thereafter
unless nominated for an additional term by a unanimous vote of the
committee. The members of each committee shall be appointed for a term of
one year, and shall be eligible for re-appointment for two successive
subsequent terms of one year each. All committees shall be responsible to
the Names Council for the performance of their duties, unless the Names
Council shall otherwise direct. The duties of the committees shall be those
indicated by their titles or as may be otherwise assigned to them by the
Names Council.

Regular meetings of each committee may be held without the giving of notice
if a day of the week, a time, and a place will have been established by the
committee for such meetings. A majority of the members of each committee
must be present, either in person or by telephone, radio, television or
similar means of communication, at each meeting of such committee in order
to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The act of a
majority of the members so present at a meeting at which a quorum is present
will be the act of such committee. Each committee will maintain a record,
which need not be in the form of complete minutes, of the action taken by it
at each meeting, which record shall include the date, time, and place of the
meeting, the names of the committee members present and absent, the action
considered, and the number of votes cast for and against the adoption of the
action considered.  All such records will be available to the membership
within 10 days of their creation, and shall be available via the World Wide
Web, or by the request of any member.

All action by each committee shall be reported to the Names Council at its
meeting next succeeding such action for a vote.
 
 

ARTICLE VII MEETINGS

1. Annual Meeting
The Annual Meeting of the DNSO for the election of officers and Names
Council and for the transaction of such other business as may come before
the meeting shall be held at a time and place determined by the Names
Council.

2. Special Meetings
Special meetings of the DNSO shall be held at such times and places as the
Names Council shall determine. Special Meetings shall also be called by the
President upon the request in writing of not less than 15 percent of the
DNSO Members, who shall specify in their request the business which they
desire to be considered at the proposed meeting.

3.  Access to Information

The DNSO shall publish, at least annually, a report describing its
activities and including an audited financial statement and describing any
payments made by the DNSO to Directors (other than reimbursements of
expenses).  Draft minutes of all DNSO meetings shall be published no later
than 48 hours.  Minutes will be formally approved by the Names Council at
its next regular meeting.  All minutes, meetings, materials, and
communications of the DNSO (and any committees thereof) shall be made
publicly available immediately following approval by the Names Council,
provided, however, that any minutes, materials, or communications relating
to personnel or employment matters, legal matters (to the extent the Names
Council determines is necessary or appropriate to protect the interests of
the DNSO), and matters that the DNSO is prohibited by law or contract from
disclosing publicly shall not be included in the minutes made publicly
available. For any matters that the Names Council determines not to
disclose, the Names Council shall describe in generic terms in the relevant
minutes the reason for such nondisclosure.

4. Notice
The Names Council shall post on the a public World Wide Web Site:
(a) periodically a calendar of scheduled meetings for the upcoming year, and

(b) in advance of each DNSO meeting, a notice of the fact and time that such
meeting will be held and, to the extent known, an agenda for the meeting. If
reasonably practicable the Names Council shall post notices of special
meetings of the DNSO and of the Names Council at least fourteen (14) days
prior to the meetings.

Prior to adoption of any policies that substantially affect the operation of
the Internet or third parties, including all substantive information of any
kind that is before any person or body within DNSO (except as required by
law or legal privilege) the Names Council will:
(a) provide public notice on the Web Site explaining what policies are being
considered for adoption and why;
(b) provide a reasonable opportunity for parties to comment on the adoption
of the proposed policies, to see the comments of others, and to reply to
those comments; and
(c) after a reasonable comment period, take action on the proposed policies,
establishing an effective date, and publishing the reasons for the action
taken.

As appropriate, the Names Council will facilitate the translation of final
published documents into various appropriate languages.

5. On-Line Participation
To ensure international and diverse participation, the proceedings of the
DNSO and the Names Council, as well as all Committees of the DNSO, shall to
the fullest extent possible, be conducted on-line.

6. Names Council Reconsideration.

The Names Council shall adopt policies and procedures through which a party
affected by an action of the DNSO (either directly or indirectly) can seek
reconsideration of that action.  A court of competent jurisdiction shall
have the power to review claims of injury by the DNSO's policies, and to
order relief therefrom.

These policies and procedures may include threshold standards or other
requirements to protect  against frivolous or non-substantive use of the
reconsideration process. The Board may, in its sole discretion, provide for
an independent review process by a neutral third party.

The Names Council shall promulgate Fair Hearing Panels to ensure openness,
accountability, and transparency in its dealings with membership, potential
membership and other members of the Internet community.  The fair hearing
panel shall be comprised of members appointed by the relevant classes
subject to oversight by the Names Council.
The Fair Hearing Panel shall be charged with collecting information from all
interested parties, investigating where warranted, and presenting a report
to the Names Council and to within a reasonable period of time.

The Names Council shall accept the recommendations of a Fair Hearing Panel
if the Names Council finds that the recommended action, policy or procedure:

a  Complies with these By-laws,
b. Was arrived at through fair and open processes
c. Furthers the purposes of the DNSO.

If the Names Council declines to accept  such recommendation of a Fair
Hearing Panel, it shall return the recommendation to the Fair Hearing Panel
for further consideration, along with an explanation of the reasons it
declines to accept the recommendation. If, after reasonable efforts, the
Names Council does not receive a recommendation from a Fair Hearing Panel
that meets the foregoing standards or, after attempting to mediate any
disputes or disagreements betweenparticipants, receives conflicting
recommendations from Fair Hearing Panels, and the Names Council finds that
there is a justification for prompt action, the Names Council may initiate,
amend or modify and then approve a specific action, policy or procedure.
Nothing in this Clause is intended to limit the general powers of the Names
Council or the DNSO to act on matters not within the scope of a Fair Hearing
Panel or that the Names Council finds are necessary or appropriate to
further the purposes of the DNSO.

Members (and others) must have open access to the DNSO through open Fair
Hearing Panels process via email, WWW contributions, formal (face to face)
hearings and will at all times operate under ex parte procedures.

7.  Names Council - Voting on Record

Every matter before the DNSO shall be decided by a process in which the
position and views of every participant shall be recorded in the minutes.
 
8. Quorum
A majority of the members represented in person or by proxy shall constitute
a quorum at all meetings, and the act of a majority of the members present
at any such meetings at which there is a quorum will be the act thereof,
unless the vote of a greater number is required by law, the Certificate of
Incorporation or the By-Laws, in which case the vote of such greater number
shall be requisite to constitute the act thereof.

9. Voting by the Membership
Members may vote in person or by written proxy dated not more than xx days
before the meeting named therein. Proxies shall be filed with the Secretary
before being voted. Except as otherwise limited therein, proxies shall
entitle the member named therein to vote at any meeting or adjournment of
such meeting but shall not be valid after the final adjournment of such
meeting. A proxy purporting to be executed by a member shall be deemed valid
unless challenged at or prior to its exercise, and the burden of proving
invalidity shall rest on the challenger.

10. Action by Written Consent
Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting may be taken
without a meeting if consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken,
is signed by all necessary members.

11. Adjournment of Meetings
At any meeting, if less than a quorum is present, a majority of the members
present, either personally or by proxy, shall have the power to adjourn the
meeting without notice other than announcement at the meeting until a quorum
shall be present.
 
12. Rules of Order
All meetings of the DNSO, Names Council and Committees shall be conducted in
accordance with the most recently revised edition of Robert's Rules of
Order, unless such conduct would be in conflict with these By-laws or any
applicable provision of law in which case these By-laws or such applicable
provision of law shall govern.

ARTICE VII REMOVAL, SUSPENSION AND EXPULSION

1.      Removal of Officers and Committee Chairpersons

Any Officer or Committee Chairperson may be removed from office by a vote of
two-thirds of the membership for failure or refusal to perform the duties of
the office properly, or for conduct bringing the DNSO into disrepute.
Absence of an Officer of Committee Chairperson from three consecutive
meetings may be deemed by the Names Council to be failure to perform the
duties of the office properly.

2. Term of Paid Employees
Notwithstanding any provisions of these By-laws to the contrary, paid
employees of the DNSO shall hold office and employment at the pleasure of
the Names Council, and paid employees shall not be eligible to membership on
the Names Council.

3. Suspension or Expulsion of a Member or Disqualification

* A member may be suspended for a period or expelled for cause such as
violation of any of the By-laws of the DNSO or for conduct prejudicial to
the best interests of the DNSO.

* A member may be temporarily or permanently disqualified from serving as a
member for cause, such as violation of any of the By-laws of the DNSO or for
conduct prejudicial to the best interests of the DNSO.
 

*  Suspension, expulsion or disqualification of a member shall be by a
two-thirds vote of the entire membership provided that a statement of the
charges shall have been mailed to the member under charges at the last
recorded address at least fifteen (15) days before final action is to be
taken thereon, accompanied by a notice of the time when and place where a
Special Meeting shall be held.  The Names Council shall receive input from
any member who wishes at that time, and shall then vote as to whether a
referendum shall be called for from the membership.  The member shall be
given an opportunity to be present at the time and place mentioned in such
notice and to present a defense, including the right of representation by
counsel and the right of cross-examination.

ARTICLE IX CONFLICT OF INTEREST

Any contract or other transaction between the DNSO and any firm, corporation
or association of which one or more of the DNSO members' are members,
shareholders, directors, officers or employees, or in which they are
interested, shall be valid, provided (i) the fact of such interest is
previously disclosed or known to the DNSO, and (ii) the DNSO shall
nevertheless authorize, approve and ratify such contract or transaction at a
meeting of the DNSO by a vote of a majority of the members present, such
interested member or members to be counted in determining whether a quorum
is present, but not to
be counted in calculating the majority of such quorum necessary to carry
such vote. The awarding of contracts shall take place in a fair and
non-discriminatory process.

ARTICLE X INDEMNIFICATION
The DNSO shall indemnify all Officers and Committee Chairpersons for acts
within their respective authorities to the full extent permitted by the
Not-For-Profit Corporation Law of the State of California, and the DNSO
shall indemnify, to the same extent as Officers and Committee Chairpersons,
all Counsel, members of committees, other volunteers authorized to act on
behalf of the DNSO and employees of the DNSO. Any question as to whether a
person is eligible for indemnification in a specific matter shall be
determined either by a special Committee of at least three Officers who are
not parties to the matter and who are appointed by the Names Council, or in
a written opinion by an independent legal counsel who shall be designated by
the Names Council.

ARTICLE XI AMENDMENTS
These By-laws may be amended at any meeting of the DNSO by a majority vote
of the members, provided, that the Secretary shall have mailed notice in
writing to all members, stating the proposed amendments in full, not less
than twenty days prior to the meeting at which such amendments to these
By-laws are to be voted upon.